A recent study conducted by Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) has revealed a shocking reality: only around 13 percent of global methane emissions are currently regulated. Methane, a potent greenhouse gas, is responsible for at least 25 percent of the global warming we are experiencing today. This comprehensive global review not only exposes the scarcity of regulations but also raises concerns about the efficacy of existing policies in addressing methane emissions.
The lack of comprehensive regulation and accurate estimation of methane emissions poses a significant challenge in combating climate change. Many policy decisions are based on estimations that may not accurately represent the true extent of the problem, potentially downplaying its severity. Urgent action is needed to increase regulation and improve our understanding of the impact of methane emissions, especially in relation to meeting global climate targets.
To achieve the goals set by the Paris Agreement, which aim to limit global temperature increase to 1.5°C, it is crucial to reduce man-made methane emissions by at least 40-45% by 2030, compared to 2020 levels. The reduction of methane not only offers a cost-effective strategy for tackling global warming but also provides the added benefit of improving air quality. Alarmingly, methane emissions have been rising faster in recent years than at any point since the 1980s.
The QMUL study reviewed methane emissions policies across major sources, including agriculture, energy, and waste. Out of the 281 policies scrutinized, only 255 were found to be currently active. The study found that three regions, namely North America, Europe, and the Asia Pacific, have adopted 90 percent of the identified national policies.
One concerning finding was that policies targeting fossil methane emissions, such as those from coal, oil, and gas sectors, are generally less stringent than those aimed at biogenic methane sources, particularly in the waste sector. Even in regions where fossil methane policies are in place, there are still opportunities for further mitigation. For example, reducing emissions along supply chains, such as those from Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) carrier ships, could have a significant impact.
Accurately identifying and quantifying methane sources remains a significant hurdle in controlling emissions. Technological innovations, such as satellite monitoring, can play a crucial role in measuring and verifying emissions, ensuring compliance, and detecting super-emitters.
It is clear that immediate action is required to address the alarming levels of unregulated methane emissions. By introducing policies with broader coverage, including major sources, setting measurable goals, and investing in accurate monitoring, we can substantially reduce methane emissions and slow down global warming. It is essential to recognize that reducing methane emissions is not merely a choice but a necessary step alongside carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction in combating global warming. With stronger social support and political will, we can pave the way for effective mitigation strategies and achieve our long-term climate mitigation goals.