A two-day National Seminar on Archaeology in Arunachal Pradesh, organised by the History Department of Jawaharlal Nehru College, Pasighat, concluded today with a strong call for indigenous-led archaeological research. Sponsored by the Indian Council of Historical Research, the seminar brought together scholars, researchers, community representatives and students who discussed the need for locally grounded approaches to understanding Arunachal’s past. The Arunachal Indigenous Archaeology Call echoed throughout the sessions, with speakers stressing that community participation is essential for meaningful and accurate documentation.
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Held in East Siang district, the seminar focused on the unique historical landscape of Arunachal Pradesh. The state’s rich oral traditions, diverse communities and undocumented sites make it one of India’s most intriguing archaeological regions. Participants said existing research often relies on limited fieldwork and external interpretations. They argued that the people who live on ancestral land should guide future studies, as their knowledge systems preserve valuable historical clues.
Community voices central to heritage protection
Speakers emphasised that indigenous groups hold deep knowledge about sacred sites, migration stories, ancient routes and ecological patterns. They said this knowledge must form the foundation of archaeological work. Many scholars noted that community narratives help fill gaps left by limited written records. The Arunachal Indigenous Archaeology Call therefore focused on integrating oral histories with scientific methods.
Participants also highlighted the risk of losing heritage due to rapid development, environmental changes and lack of documentation. They said archaeology in Arunachal needs urgency and sensitivity. Local involvement, they argued, ensures that research respects cultural beliefs and avoids potential conflicts with communities who consider certain sites sacred.
Need for scientific tools and academic collaboration
While stressing indigenous leadership, speakers also called for improved access to scientific tools. They urged colleges and universities in Arunachal to adopt new technologies such as GIS mapping, drone surveys and carbon dating techniques. These tools can help identify ancient settlements and track historical patterns. The Arunachal Indigenous Archaeology Call also included suggestions for partnerships between local institutions and national research bodies.
Scholars said young researchers from the state must receive training to handle advanced tools confidently. They believe that empowering local students will ensure long-term continuity. The seminar provided hands-on sessions, demonstrations and discussions on how modern archaeology can blend with traditional knowledge systems.
Challenges in documenting Arunachal’s past
Several presenters discussed the challenges that have slowed archaeological work in the region. The difficult terrain, limited connectivity and sensitive border zones restrict access to many promising sites. They added that some valleys and hill ranges may hold hidden evidence of early human settlement but remain unexplored. The Arunachal Indigenous Archaeology Call stresses the need for coordinated field surveys led by teams that include both experts and community members.
Funding constraints were another major concern. Researchers said frequent field visits, equipment and documentation require sustained financial support. Participants urged the ICHR and other agencies to increase funding for Arunachal-specific projects, considering the region’s historical importance.
Importance of documenting oral traditions
One of the strongest messages from the seminar centred on the need to record oral histories in a systematic way. Elders from several communities attended the sessions and shared stories, myths and lineage accounts. They said many narratives are fading as younger generations adopt new lifestyles. Researchers agreed that oral testimonies are crucial for interpreting archaeological finds. The Arunachal Indigenous Archaeology Call therefore includes an appeal to document stories through audio, video and written records.
Speakers said community elders must be treated as key knowledge-holders rather than informants. They recommended creating local heritage committees that work alongside academic researchers.
Moving toward an indigenous-led framework
The concluding session focused on action steps. Scholars proposed a model where communities oversee site access, participate in excavations and help interpret findings. Participants said this approach will not only protect heritage but also build trust between researchers and local populations. They also suggested creating a centralised digital archive for artefacts, site reports and oral narratives.
The Arunachal Indigenous Archaeology Call gained overwhelming support from all corners of the seminar. Many attendees said this shift will place Arunachal at the centre of India’s archaeological map while honoring its cultural roots.
A new direction for Arunachal’s historical research
The JNC Pasighat seminar closed with a commitment to promote inclusive, culturally sensitive and community-driven research in the state. Participants said the next phase requires collaboration, training and consistent engagement with indigenous communities. With strong academic backing and local involvement, Arunachal can build a robust archaeological framework that preserves its heritage for future generations.
The Arunachal Indigenous Archaeology Call marks a turning point for how the state studies its past—rooted in its people, strengthened by science and guided by respect for cultural identity.
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